Colonic polyps are common, often silent growths that have the potential to develop in colon or bowel cancer. While most are benign, some have the potential to develop into bowel cancer over time. Understanding what colon polyps are — and how a polypectomy can prevent more serious disease — is essential for protecting long-term digestive health.
What Are Colon Polyps?
A polyp is an abnormal growth of cells that forms on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. These growths occur when mutated cells continue to divide, even when new cells are not required. In many cases, the initial cause of the mutation is unclear. However, several risk factors are known to increase the likelihood of developing polyps, including:
- Increasing age (particularly over 45)
- Family history of bowel cancer or polyps
- Hereditary genetic conditions
- Chronic inflammation of the bowel
- Obesity and lifestyle factors
- Excess alcohol intake
Most colorectal polyps are small and cause no symptoms. However, some may lead to rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, abdominal discomfort, or iron deficiency anaemia. Larger polyps may interfere with normal bowel function.
Importantly, certain types of colorectal polyps are considered precancerous. This means that, if left untreated, they may gradually transform into colorectal cancer.
What Is an Endoscopic Polypectomy?
A polypectomy is a minimally invasive procedure performed during a colonoscopy to remove polyps from the colon. In many cases, polyps are detected and removed in the same procedure, avoiding the need for separate surgery.
During a colonoscopy, a flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted into the bowel, allowing the specialist to examine the lining of the colon. If a polyp is identified, it can often be removed immediately using specialised instruments passed through the scope.
Once removed, the polyp is sent to pathology for microscopic examination. This determines whether the growth is benign, precancerous, or cancerous. Early removal significantly reduces the risk of bowel cancer developing.
Why Remove Polyps?
Even when polyps are not currently cancerous, removal is recommended because:
- Some polyps may become cancerous over time
- It is not always possible to determine risk without laboratory analysis
- Removal may relieve symptoms such as bleeding or discomfort
For larger or more complex polyps, advanced endoscopic techniques may be required. In rare cases where a polyp is too large or deeply embedded, surgical intervention may be necessary.
Do we have the Expertise to Remove All Polyps?
Yes, our team has a number of highly skilled proceduralists who work in a multi-disciplinary fashion, to be able to safely and expertly remove the vast majority of colorectal polyps.
Preparing for the Procedure
Proper bowel preparation is essential. The colon must be completely clear so our specialists can accurately identify and safely remove any polyps. Preparation typically involves a prescribed laxative solution and a clear fluid diet prior to the procedure.
Sedation is administered to ensure comfort, and most procedures take between 20 and 60 minutes. Patients usually return home the same day but should not drive for 24 hours.
Recovery and Follow-Up
Recovery is generally straightforward. Mild bloating or cramping may occur but usually resolves within 24–48 hours.
Your specialist will arrange a follow-up appointment to discuss pathology results. Even after successful removal, routine surveillance colonoscopies may be recommended, particularly for individuals over 45 or those with risk factors.
Early detection and removal of colon polyps remains one of the most effective strategies in preventing bowel cancer — often before symptoms ever appear.
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